Mathematics, Recursion, and Universals in Human Languages

There are many scientific problems generated by the multiple and conflicting alternative definitions of linguistic recursion and human recursive processing that exist in the literature. The purpose of this article is to make available to the linguistic community the standard mathematical definition of recursion and to apply it to discuss linguistic recursion. As a byproduct, we obtain an insight into certain “soft universals” of human languages, which are related to cognitive constructs necessary to implement mathematical reasoning, i.e. mathematical model theory.